Dengue fever df is the fastest emerging arboviral infection spread by aedes aegypti mosquitoes with major public health consequences for millions of people around the world, and in particular the southeast asia and asiapacific regions of the world health organization who. Causes, prevention and recent advances find, read and cite all. While it appears to be proved beyond question that. The incidence of dengue has increased dramatically in recent decades, with estimates of 40%50% of the worlds. Primary dengue shock syndrome associated with increased dengue 1 transmission dengue dengue hemorragique. World health organization, regional office for southeast asia. In patients with dengue fever, the etiology of abdominal pain should be aggressively looked into for proper management. Department of health and human services centers for. Etiology of abdomina l pain in dengue fever introduction india is an endemic country for dengue virus infection. Dengue fever is a common mosquitoborne illness in many tropical and subtropical countries.
The data from the vrdl network indicate dengue was the etiology in onefourth. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Who, comprehensive guidelines for prevention and control of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever, 2011. Infection may be asymptomatic or present with a broad range of clinical manifestations including a mild febrile illness to a lifethreatening shock syndrome. Dengue viral infections postgraduate medical journal. Dengue fever df is an old disease, having first been described in its epidemic form in the late 1700s 1, 2. Nutritional status of children with dengue hemorrhagic fever. Dengue, also called breakbone fever or dandy fever, acute, infectious, mosquitoborne fever that is temporarily incapacitating but rarely fatal. Jun 28, 2019 symptoms, which usually begin four to six days after infection and last for up to 10 days, may include.
Each year, an estimated 100 million cases of dengue fever and several hundred thousand cases of dhf occur, depending on epidemic activity 42, 45, 104. This disease used to be called breakbone fever because it sometimes causes severe joint and muscle pain that feels like bones are breaking. Life cycle of the dengue fever virus hhmi biointeractive video duration. One study estimated that 50 million infections occur every year. Dengue should be considered as the possible etiology. Rhesus monkeys develop viremia similar in pattern to humans after dengue virus challenge but do not develop clinical disease. Dengue fever is common in tropical areas, so take extra precautions if you travel somewhere with this type of climate. In recent decades, the number of new cases of dengue has increased.
Dengue fever, abdominal pain, pancreatitis, appendicitis. In large part, this limitation is related to the lack of a suitable animal model of disease. There have been multiple epidemics of dengue fever in the us in the 18th to early 20th centuries. Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes especially aedes aegypti and is widely distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics. Etiology dengue is constituted by four serologically differentiable viral serotypes. Aetiology,pathophysiology and diagnosis of dengue infection.
After an absence of 56 years, dengue fever has reemerged in us states such as texas and hawaii. This is a summary of presentday knowledge of the aetiology of dengue. The presence of waterholding containers in and around the home needed for the mosquitos to complete their development sustains the reservoir for disease and is a risk factor. In dengueendemic regions, suspected, probable, and confirmed cases of dengue infection should be reported to the relevant authorities as soon as possible. Dengue is a vectorborne viral infection and a globally important public health problem.
Health experts have known about dengue fever for more than 200 years. Studies upon the etiology of dengue fever journal of. Studies upon the etiology of dengue fever europe pmc. During the next 150 years, epidemics of df occurred regularly and widely in most of the tropical areas of the world. Dengue fever is an infectious disease carried by mosquitoes and caused by any of four related dengue viruses. Confirmatory tests include viral antigen or nucleic acid detection and serology. Little was known of the etiology and transmission of the disease, however, until the turn of the 20th century, when the us army. Experimental inverstigations regarding the etiology of. Substantial gaps remain in the comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of dengue virus infections. Dengue virus infection may be asymptomatic or present as undifferentiated fever. Complication of dengue fever can give rise to a more severe form, called dengue. In addition, the symptoms of dengue fever, such as fever and body aches, closely resemble symptoms of influenza.
According to the who criteria, dengue fever df, dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, and dengue shock syndrome dss were observed in 30. They may range from subclinical infection to dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, and eventually dengue shock syndrome dss. Pdf on jan 1, 2016, anum jaweria and others published dengue fever. It is transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus aedes, which are widely distributed in subtropical and tropical areas of the world see the image below. Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Chikungunya virus infection has a clinical presentation that overlaps with that of ross river virus infection fever, rash, polyarthritis and dengue fever virus transmitted by the same mosquitoes. The onset was sudden, often of a violent character, ushered in with severe headache and backache, vague pains throughout the body, and fever ranging from 101105f. The casual reader of textbooks on infectious diseases may gain the impression that dengue or breakbone fever is a malady confined to tropical and semitropical countries. If symptoms are mild, they may be overlooked or assumed to be due to a mild influenza infection.
Dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome some patients with dengue fever go on to develop dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, a severe and sometimes fatal form of the disease. In the western hemisphere, the aedes aegypti mosquito is the most important transmitter or vector of dengue viruses. If you think you have dengue pdf icon pdf 1 page see a healthcare provider if you develop a fever or have symptoms of dengue. Some patients with dengue fever go on to develop dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, a severe and. Dengue is the most common and important arthropodborne viral arboviral illness in humans. Epidemiology of dengue fever in india, based on laboratory surveillance data, 20142017. Dengue serotype 2 epidemic, townsville, queensland, 19921993 dengue et dengue hemorragique. Annually, 100 million cases of dengue fever and half a million cases of dhf occur worldwide. Dengue fever symptoms, diagnosis, treatments and causes. Dengue is a disease caused by any one of four closely related dengue viruses. Currently, dengue fever causes more illness and death than any other arbovirus disease of humans 124. Dengue pronounced dengee fever is a painful, debilitating mosquitoborne disease caused by any one of four closely related dengue viruses.
To view the complete and current version, please refer to the dengue fever. Pdf epidemiology of dengue fever in india, based on. The dengue cases studied during this epidemic were, as a whole, typical examples of the disease. Pathophysiology and pathogenesis of dengue haemorrhagic fever. Description of the clinical picture of dengue hemorrhagic feverdengue shock syndrome dhfdss in adults. Dengue infection is caused by 4 antigenically distinct dengue virus serotypes. Aug 01, 2019 coinfection of chikungunya fever with dengue has been reported from yemen. They may be asymptomatic or may give rise to undifferentiated fever, dengue fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever dhf, or dengue shock syndrome. As both cell tropism and tissue tropism of denv are considered major. Evaluation of the tcell and bcellmediated immunity has shed light on some possible mechanisms. Clinical and serologic study of cuban children with dengue hemorrhagic feverdengue shock syndrome dhfdss. Since the second edition of dengue haemorrhagic fever. Dengue is a febrile illness caused by infection with one of four dengue viruses denv transmitted by aedes aegypti or aedes albopictus mosquitoes during the taking of a blood meal.
Dengue is the most extensively spread mosquitoborne disease, transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes of aedes species. Feb 16, 2018 dengue denggey fever is a mosquitoborne disease that occurs in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Endemic in more than 120 countries, particularly the southeast asian. A diagnosis of dengue fever can easily be missed or delayed in temperate or northern areas of the world, such as the u.
Dengue fever is a viral infection that can cause lifethreatening illness, milder flulike illness, or no symptoms at all. Around the time the fever begins to subside usually 37 days after symptom onset, the patient may develop warning signs of severe disease. Treat the symptoms of dengue and see your healthcare provider. Dengue shock syndrome dss may lead to hypovolemic shock. Pathogenesis of dengue haemorrhagic fever and its impact on. A prospective nested casecontrol study of dengue in infants.
Summary much remains to be learned about the pathogenesis of the different manifestations of dengue virus denv infections in humans. The viruses are transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito. Dengue knowledge for medical students and physicians. Symptoms typically begin three to fourteen days after infection. Besides fever, the disease is characterized by an extreme pain in and stiffness of the joints hence the name breakbone fever. In 20, a fifth serotype of dengue virus was detected from. Transmission from human to human is predominantly by the mosquito aedes aegypti, which bites in the daytime, is adapted to human habitats and has a preference for. Perubatan ud54 slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising.
Etiology of abdominal pain in dengue fever introduction india is an endemic country for dengue virus infection. A severe form of dengue fever, also called dengue hemorrhagic fever, can cause severe bleeding, a sudden drop in blood pressure shock and death. The author concludes that this fever is caused by a parasite very closely related to that believed to cause yellow fever leptospira icieroides, and that a search for a similar organism offers the most promising chance of demonstrating the causal agent. Clinical implications and treatment of dengue core. World health organization, regional office for southeast.
Dengue fever is a virus transmitted to humans through bites from the aedes mosquito, a daybiting mosquito. During the next 150 years, epidemics of df occurred regularly and widely in most of the tropical areas of the world 3. Mild epidemics are recorded to have visited philadelphia, new york and boston during warm weather. These viruses are related to the viruses that cause. D experimental inverstigations regarding the etiology of dengue fever, the journal of infectious diseases, volume. Dengue disease varies from mild fever to severe conditions of dengue hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome. Living or traveling to a region of the world where the infection is endemic is a risk factor for the disease. They are rna viruses that belong to the flavivirus genusflaviviridae family, which also includes the yellow fever virus, west nile virus, japanese encephalitis virus, zika virus, and the st louis encephalitis virus. Dengue fever symptoms, diagnosis and treatment bmj best. Dengue fever symptoms, diagnosis and treatment bmj. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne virus disease that has rapidly spread to several regions in recent times. In a small proportion of cases, the disease develops into severe dengue, also. These may include a high fever, headache, vomiting, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash.
Dengue viruses are among the leading causes of paediatric morbidity and mortality, and a cause of panic of epidemic proportions, in countries with populations. Dengue classically presents with high fever, headache, body aches, exanthem, and generalized lymphadenopathy. Sep 17, 2010 aetiology,pathophysiology and diagnosis of dengue infection dr lee oi wah peg. Mild dengue fever causes a high fever, rash, and muscle and joint pain. Dengue viral infections are one of the most important mosquito borne diseases in the world. May 03, 2019 classic dengue fever is marked by rapid onset of high fever, headache, retroorbital pain, diffuse body pain both muscle and bone, weakness, vomiting, sore throat, altered taste sensation, and a centrifugal maculopapular rash, among other manifestations. Pdf pathogenesis and pathophysiology of dengue hemorrhagic. Dengue virus, the causative agent of dengue fever belongs to the flavivirus genus and has four serotypes den1, den2, den3, and den4 world health organization, 2009. Epidemiology of dengue fever in india, based on laboratory.
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